What worksheets did you do today?

What did you learn at school today?

Generations of children have not answered that question. Perhaps the phrasing isn’t quite right. “Learning” is, after all, an ephemeral thing, and also a process, making it hard for anyone, especially a small child, to pin it down and describe. But when my child began her journey through public schooling last fall, I, like all parents before me, wanted to know what she was doing during those six long hours in the classroom.

So I asked, “What did you learn at school today?” “Nothing,” was her succinct and perhaps accurate response.

So I tried, “What did you do at school today?” Her typical response was, “Stuff.” So I attempted to be more specific, asking about lunchtime and recess and what movie they had watched in the computer lab, the only things I could be sure she had actually “done” during the school day. And she would go into detail, about playing Elsa on the playground, about watching part of the Lego Movie in the computer lab, about how she got a Class Dojo “point” for being extra quiet in the hallway.

But no matter what I tried, I couldn’t get answers about the “learning” or the “doing.” Those other five hours of the day were a fog that she couldn’t translate. Asking about specific subjects led nowhere. Apparently they didn’t categorize their activities that way. So I asked about what she had done with letters or numbers or whatever social studies or science topic I gleaned from their homework that they were covering. The response was always the same, “We did a worksheet.”

And so, after three quarters of the year, I finally hit on the magic question—the one query that would elicit a description of not only the content she had worked on but also the methods used to cover it—What worksheets did you do today?

What worksheets did you do today?

She could describe the worksheets—what they were about, what tasks she had to perform, whether she had used pencils or crayons, what errors she had made, and what she had done well. Once I started asking about the worksheets, I got all the answers I wanted from my daughter. But now I have a few questions for her teachers…and all of my fellow educators…

Why does a five-year-old only know how to describe her school day in terms of worksheets? Why do I hear about “tracing” worksheets and “living vs. non-living” worksheets and “adding” worksheets and “letter matching” worksheets and on and on and on? Why do I never hear about how she used beads or Unifix cubes or her own body to practice adding or skip counting? Why do I not hear about how she took a walk around the school to point out all the living and non-living things in her environment? Where are the manipulatives, the songs and story times, the kinesthetic activities, the experiments? Where is the art, the creativity, the social/emotional development, the cooperative learning? Some of these things do infrequently happen (usually around a holiday), but the daily business of “learning” and “doing” appears to have been reduced to what can be accomplished with a writing implement and a sheet of copy paper. The learning environment has shrunk to 8 ½ x 11-inches.

What worksheets did you do today?

I know why this happens (and I know that it doesn’t happen everywhere). Some of these worksheets are part of packaged curriculum programs and her teacher is required to use them. Some of them are a way to occupy one group of students while the teacher works with another. Some of them are completely valid and necessary teaching tools. But most of them are just a way to keep my child quiet, her hands busy even as her mind dulls. It’s easy to print out a worksheet and tell the children to work silently. It’s harder to design and deliver a lesson on the states of matter that plays to multiple intelligences. Or maybe it’s not. Maybe we educators are just afraid of what could happen when children use their hands and minds for something other than bubbling in the right answer choice. There could be noise. There could be a mess. There could be questions to which we don’t know the answer. And there could be children curious and engaged, problem-solving, applying concepts, making connections, and exploring their worlds. All excited to tell their families exactly what they learned and did at school today.

What worksheets did you do today?

My four-year-old started pre-K ready and excited to learn. My five-year-old is ending pre-K convinced that she hates school because school is about worksheets and silence. It’s about one-right-answer and staying in the lines (on paper and in the hallway), and being a “good” student means being “quiet.” This is the exact opposite of everything most of us know about what school should be like, either from the avalanches of educational research we’ve read or simply in our guts.

What worksheets did you do today?

Please fellow teachers, help me change the question.

Immigration and the Schools

With the current political focus on immigration reform, I wanted to create a post that addresses the issue from a social justice, humanitarian perspective. I hope that the resources provided here will give you, as future teachers, a more nuanced understanding of immigration issues because you will teach these children in your classrooms. Some of these resources could also be shared with your students as part of a social studies unit.

In this video, journalist, activist, and concerned community members from Greensboro, NC traveled to Mexico to uncover the roots of immigration. Their findings put a face to the statistics and provide a counter to the dominant narrative that Mexican immigrants are free-loaders coming to take our jobs. Part One, Part Two (If these links don’t work, visit the main site here)

On this site, you can find an array of video clips exploring immigration from multiple human angles. They are all worth watching.

Senator Durbin’s “DREAMer Stories” on the Senate Floor–I really wanted to find a wonderful set of NPR interviews with DREAMers from 2012, but couldn’t locate it. This will do :).

What Part of Legal Immigration Don’t You Understand?“–This humorous flowchart demonstrates what the options for legal immigration really are. Too many of us make assumptions about how people can and should come to this country without understanding the processes available to them.

Obama’s Executive Action Explained in a Flowchart--For the visual among us, here is a flowchart that breaks down the recent executive action on immigration that is getting so much political coverage.

Bringing it to the schools–here is a link to the abstract for a beautiful article about why we educate undocumented children and the legal backing for doing so. I couldn’t get a full-text version, but with the info in the abstract, you can pull it from UNCG’s (or your current university’s) library or journal databases.

ELC 381–Website Resources

These are websites that contain additional information to support the discussions and readings we have in class.

10 Quick Ways to Analyze Children’s Books for Racism and Sexism

School to Prison Pipeline Fact Sheet from PBS.org

An article from Prospect (an independent journalism publication) about Restorative Justice as opposed to Suspension as a mode of discipline

Intersex Society of North America

Gay, Lesbian, Straight, Education Network--teaching materials, research, and general information on LGBTQ issues in schools

Common Core 

NC Essential Standards

ELC 381 Course Links–Videos

Here are the links to the web-hosted videos that I use in class.

Eagleman’s Talk on Peer Pressure and Obedience to Authority Part One and Part Two 

Interview with Paulo Freire

Tim Wise on White Privilege

Peggy McIntosh on White Privilege

Little Rock Nine Video Clip

Ruby Bridges Interview

From Desegregation to Re-segregation in NC Schools Part One and Part Two

Wellbreity Journey of Forgiveness Video–The Indian Boarding Schools

“Ebonics” Clip from Do You Speak American

Wolff Video on How Class Works

Wealth Inequality in America Infographic

AS Neill Interview (Summerhill School)

Albany Free School

Stossel Report on Sudbury Valley Schools

Montessori Overview

CNN Report on Reggio Emilia

The Kindness School

We also watch the full-length documentary films Bully and Precious Knowledge.

Children’s Book Lists–Young Adult Social Justice Reading List

In this post, I’ve posted links to already-compiled lists of social justice-oriented texts for middle and high school-aged students. Some of these books are overtly about social justice issues; others serve as potential jumping-off points for class discussions about social justice. There are many classic texts on these lists (like To Kill a Mockingbird and Brave New World), but I also think there is power is using currently popular YA and graphic novels. Whenever we can engage children where they are (pop culture is great for this), we stand a better chance of getting our message across. A few of my favorites include The Hunger Games trilogy, the Harry Potter series, The Giver, and Maus.

Other people’s book lists:

Cooperative Children’s Book Center List

Dr. Tarbox’s Annotated Bibliography of Social Justice YA and Early Reader books

Jane Addam’s Children’s Book Award Winners List

Sara Park’s SJE reading list

Children’s Book List–Discussing Social Justice with Elementary-Aged Children

In this book list, I’ll include links and suggestions for books that I and other teachers (special thanks to the resource section in Mary Cowhey’s Black Ants and Buddhist) have used with elementary-aged children to engage with social justice topics. Add your own suggestions in the comments and I’ll also update as I find new works.

Most all works by Patricia Polacco (Amazon link here)–Polacco’s books for older elementary students tackle a range of topics, from bullying to interracial friendship.

Barbara Cooney’s Miss Rumphius–This book tackles the eternal question of “why are we here?” and gives a beautifully, potentially social justice-oriented answer.

Eleanore Estes’s The Hundred DressesAn upper elementary-appropriate book that explores bullying and discrimination on the basis of poverty and ethnicity and how we all have a role to play in fighting such prejudice.

Casey King and Linda Barrett Osborne’s Oh Freedon: Kids Talk about the Civil Rights Movement with the People Who Made it HappenFirst-person narratives and interviews make this book both a good, accessible intro to the Civil Rights Movement and to the notion of primary vs. secondary sources

Most of Todd Parr’s work (Amazon list here)–These beautiful, colorful books for young children explore ideas like “love,” “feelings,” “family,” “difference,” and “peace”

Dr. Seuss’s The Butter Battle Book, The Sneetches, Horton Hears a Who, The LoraxDr. Seuss thinly veiled messages of tolerance, peace, kindness, and stewardship are found in many of his works, but perhaps especially in these.

Click here for Sarah Ryder’s list of social justice-oriented children’s literature.

Click here for One World, One Heart Beating’s lesson plan ideas and resources.

Book List for Social Justice-Oriented Teachers

These are books that have influenced how I think about and practice teaching and learning. I’ve included links to amazon.com only because that was simpler than trying to provide full citations for each text. Feel free to make your own reading suggestions in the comments section. I’ll also add new works as I come across them.

Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed 

Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of Freedom

bell hook’s Teaching to Transgress

bell hook’s Feminism is for Everybody

Maxine Greene’s The Dialectic of Freedom

Lisa Delpit’s Other People’s Children

Lisa Delpit’s Multiplication is for White People

Raif Esquith’s Teach Like Your Hair’s on Fire

Jonathan Kozol’s Savage Inequities

Mary Cowhey’s Black Ants and Buddhists

Sensoy and DiAngelo’s Is Everyone Really Equal

James Loewen’s Lies My Teacher Told Me

Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States

H. Svi Shapiro’s Losing Heart: The Moral and Spiritual Miseducation of America’s Children